Firdous Physiology Full VERIFIEDl
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Firdous Physiology Fulll: A Comprehensive Guide to Human Body Systems
Firdous Physiology Fulll is a book that covers all the major aspects of human physiology in a clear and concise manner. It is written by Dr. Firdous Ahmad, a renowned professor of physiology and biochemistry at the University of Kashmir. The book is designed for students, teachers, researchers, and medical professionals who want to learn more about the functions and interactions of the different body systems.
The book consists of 16 chapters, each focusing on a specific body system or topic. The chapters are organized in a logical sequence, starting from the basic principles of physiology and cell biology, and then moving on to the nervous, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, reproductive, immune, integumentary, skeletal, and special senses systems. The book also covers topics such as acid-base balance, fluid and electrolyte balance, nutrition and metabolism, environmental physiology, and genetics and inheritance.
Each chapter begins with an introduction that summarizes the main objectives and key terms. Then, the chapter presents the relevant anatomy and physiology of the system or topic in a simple and easy-to-understand language. The chapter also includes numerous diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, and illustrations that help to visualize and reinforce the concepts. At the end of each chapter, there are review questions and exercises that test the comprehension and application of the material. The book also provides references and further readings for those who want to explore the topics in more depth.
Firdous Physiology Fulll is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to human physiology that offers a balanced and integrated approach to learning. It is suitable for both beginners and advanced learners who want to gain a solid foundation and a deeper understanding of how the human body works. The book is available in both print and digital formats from various online platforms.I'll try to create that.
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology and Cell Biology
Physiology is the study of how living organisms function. It explains how the different parts of the body work together to maintain life and health. Physiology also explores how the body responds to various stimuli, such as physical activity, stress, disease, and drugs. Physiology is closely related to other fields of science, such as anatomy, biochemistry, genetics, pharmacology, and pathology.
Cell biology is the study of the structure and function of cells. Cells are the basic units of life and the building blocks of all living things. Cells have different shapes and sizes, depending on their roles and locations in the body. Cells are composed of various molecules, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and water. Cells perform various functions, such as metabolism, growth, division, communication, movement, and differentiation.
The human body is made up of trillions of cells that form different tissues and organs. Each cell has a plasma membrane that separates it from the external environment and regulates the exchange of materials. Each cell also has a nucleus that contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls the activities of the cell. In addition, each cell has various organelles that perform specific functions, such as mitochondria (energy production), ribosomes (protein synthesis), endoplasmic reticulum (transport and modification of molecules), Golgi apparatus (sorting and packaging of molecules), lysosomes (digestion and recycling of molecules), and cytoskeleton (support and movement of the cell).
Chapter 2: The Nervous System
The nervous system is the system that coordinates and controls the activities of all other body systems. It consists of two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord, which are the main centers of information processing and integration. The PNS includes the nerves and ganglia that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
The nervous system communicates through electrical and chemical signals called nerve impulses or action potentials. Nerve impulses are generated by specialized cells called neurons or nerve cells. Neurons have three main parts: a cell body that contains the nucleus and other organelles, an axon that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body, and dendrites that receive nerve impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors. Neurons are classified into three types: sensory neurons that transmit information from sensory organs to the CNS, motor neurons that transmit information from the CNS to muscles or glands, and interneurons that connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.
The nervous system also includes specialized cells called glial cells or neuroglia that support and protect neurons. Glial cells have different functions, such as providing nutrients and oxygen to neurons, removing waste products from neurons, forming myelin sheaths around axons to speed up nerve impulse transmission, forming blood-brain barrier to prevent harmful substances from entering the CNS, and participating in immune responses against infections or injuries. 9160f4acd4
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