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Astm D638-10 Pdf Free Download: A Guide to the Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Plastics are widely used in various industries and applications due to their versatility, durability, and low cost. However, to ensure the quality and performance of plastic products, it is important to test their tensile properties, such as strength, modulus, elongation, and Poisson's ratio. These properties indicate how a plastic material behaves under tensile stress and strain, and can help in selecting the appropriate plastic for a specific design or application.
One of the most commonly used methods for testing the tensile properties of plastics is ASTM D638-10, which is a standard test method developed by ASTM International, a global organization that provides standards for materials, products, systems, and services. ASTM D638-10 covers the determination of the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.
ASTM D638-10 is applicable for testing materials of any thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.). However, for testing specimens in the form of thin sheeting, including film less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) in thickness, ASTM standard D882 is the preferred test method. Materials with a thickness greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) shall be reduced by machining. ASTM D638-10 also includes the option of determining Poisson's ratio at room temperature.
The test specimens are prepared according to the specifications given in ASTM D638-10, which include the dimensions, shape, and surface finish of the specimens. The specimens are then conditioned at a standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 Â 2ÂC (73.4 Â 3.6ÂF) and 50 Â 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test. The specimens are then mounted on a testing machine that can apply a uniaxial tensile force at a constant rate of crosshead movement.
The test procedure involves applying an increasing tensile force to the specimen until it breaks or ruptures. The force and elongation are recorded continuously throughout the test. The tensile properties are calculated from the force-elongation data using formulas given in ASTM D638-10. The tensile properties include:
Tensile strength at yield: The maximum stress that a material can withstand before it begins to deform plastically.
Tensile strength at break: The maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks or ruptures.
Modulus of elasticity: The ratio of stress to strain in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve.
Elongation at yield: The strain corresponding to the tensile strength at yield.
Elongation at break: The strain corresponding to the tensile strength at break.
Poisson's ratio: The ratio of lateral strain to axial strain in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve.
The test results are reported as the average of at least five specimens tested for each material or condition. The test report should include information such as:
Identification of the material tested.
Identification of the test method used.
Identification of any deviations from the standard test method.
Conditioning procedure and environment.
Testing machine type and speed.
Specimen dimensions and shape.
Tensile properties obtained.
ASTM D638-10 is a useful test method for obtaining tensile property data for plastics that can be used for engineering design, quality control, specification, and research and development purposes. However, it is important to consider the limitations and precautions of this test method before using these data. For example, this test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures, as it may not reflect the actual behavior of plastics under different loading conditions or environmental factors. Also, variations in specimen thicknesses may influence the test results due to differences in surface-volume ratios. Therefore, it is recommended to use specimens of equal thickness for direct comparison. Furthermore, additional tests may be needed for more precise physical data or for testing other types of plastics 061ffe29dd